Electrical Alternans
Selected Bibliography
PUBLISHED PAPERS
Lewis T: Notes Upon Alternation of the Heart. Quart
J. Med 1910;4:141-145.
Schwartz PJ, Malliani A: Electrical Alternation of
the T wave: Clinical and Experimental Evidence of its Relationship
with the Sympathetic Nervous System and with the Long Q-T Syndrome.
Am Heart J 1975;89:45-50.
Kleinfeld MJ, Rozanski JJ: Alternans of the ST Segment
in Prinzmetal's Angina. Circulation 1977;55:574-577.
Puletti M, Curione M, Righetti G, et. al: Alternans
of the ST Segment and T wave In Acute Myocardial Infarction. J
Electrocardiol 1980;13:297-300.
Adam DR, Akselrod S, Cohen RJ: Estimation of Ventricular
Vulnerability to Fibrillation through T wave Time Series Analysis.
Comput Card 1981;307-310.
Rozanski JJ, Kleinfeld M: Alternans of the ST Segment
and T wave. A Sign of Electrical Instability in Prinzmetal's Angina.
PACE 1982;5:359-365.
Adam DR, Powell AO, Gordon H, Cohen RJ: Ventricular
Fibrillation and Fluctuations in the Magnitude of the Repolarization
Vector. Comput Card 1982;241-244.
Wayne VS, Bishop RL, Spodick DH: Exercise-Induced
ST Segment Alternans. Chest 1983;83:824-825.
Joyal M, Feldman RL, Pepine CJ: ST Segment Alternans
During Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty. Am J Cardiol
1984;54:915-916.
Adam DR, Smith JM, Akselrod S, Nyberg S, Powell AO,
Cohen RJ: Fluctuations in T wave morphology and susceptibility
to ventricular fibrillation. J Electrocardiol 1984;17:209-218.
*
Ritzenberg A, Adam DR, Cohen RJ: Period Multupling
- Evidence for Nonlinear Behavior of the Canine Heart. Nature
1984;307:159-161.
Smith JM, Cohen RJ: Simple Finite-Element Model Accounts
for Wide Range of Cardiac Dysrhythmias. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA
1984;81-233-237.
Salerno JA, Previtali M, Panciroli C, et. al: Ventricular
Arrhythmias During Acute Myocardial Ischemia in Man. The Role
and Significance of R-ST-T Alternans and the Prevention of Ischemic
Sudden Death by Medical Treatment. Eur Heart J 1986;7:63-75.
Ring ME, Fenster PE: Exercise-Induced ST Segment
Alternans. Am Heart J 1986;111:100-1011.
Smith JM, Clancy EA, Valeri CR, Ruskin JN, Cohen
RJ: Electrical Alternans and Cardiac Electrical Instability. Circulation
1988;77:110-121. *
Turitto G, El-Sherif N: Alternans of the ST Segment
in Variant Angina. Chest 1988;93:587-591.
Konta T, Ikeda K, Yamaki M, et. al: Significance
of Discordant ST Alternans in Ventricular Fibrillation. Circulation
1990:82:2185-2189.
Smith JM, Kaplan DT, Cohen RJ: The physics of Reentry
and Fibrillation. In Zipes DP, Jalife J, eds: Cardiac Electrophysiology:
From Cell to Bedside. WB Saunders Co., Philadelphia, 1990, p.
215.
Nearing BD, Huang AH, Verrier RL: Dynamic Tracking
of Cardiac Vulnerability by Complex Demodulation of the T wave.
Science 1991;252:437-440.
Sutton PMI, Taggart P, Lab M, et. al: Alternans of
Epicardial Repolarization as a Localized Phenomenon in Man. Eur
Heart J 1991;12"70-78.
Habbab MA, El-Sherif N: TU Alternans, Long QTU and
Torsade de Pointes: Clinical and Experimental Observation. PACE
1992;15:916-931
Raeder EA, Rosenbaum DS, Bhasin R, Cohen RJ: Alternating
Morphology of the QRST Complex Preceding Sudden Death. (Letter)
N Engl J Med 1992;326:271-272.
Surawicz B, Fisch C: Cardiac Alternans: Diverse Mechanisms
and Clinical Manifestations. J Am Coll Cardio 1992;20:483-499.
Rosenbaum DS, Jackson LE, Smith JM, Garan H, Ruskin
JN, Cohen RJ: Electrical Alternans and Vulnerability to Ventricular
Arrhythmias. N Engl J Med 1994;330:235-241.*
Verrier RL, Nearing BD: Electrophysiologic Basis
for T wave Alternans as an Index of Vulnerability to Ventricular
Fibrillation. Jour Card Electro 1994;5::445-461.
Mackall JA, Waldo AL, Rosenbaum DS: Electrical Alternans
of the Surface Electrocardiogram: Detection Methods and Relation
to Arrhythmia Vulnerability. In: Gomes JA(ed): Signal Averaged
Electrocardiography. Kluwer Academic Publishers, The Netherlands,
1993;561-576.
Rosenbaum DS, Bin H, Cohen RJ: New Approaches for
Evaluating Cardiac Electrical Activity: Repolarization Alternans
and Body Surface Laplacian Mapping. In Zipes DP, Jalife J, eds:
Cardiac Electrophysiology: From Cell to Bedside. WB Saunders Co.,
Philadelphia, 1994.
Verrier RL, Nearing BD: T wave Alternans as a Harbinger
of an Ischemic Induced Sudden Cardiac Death. In Zipes DP, Jalife
J, eds: Cardiac Electrophysiology: From Cell to Bedside. WB Saunders
Co., Philadelphia, 1994.
Platt SB, Vijgen JM, Albrecht P, Van Hare GF,
Carlson MD, and Rosenbaum DS: Occult T Wave Alternans in Long
QT Syndrome. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, Volume
7, No. 2, February 1996.
Smith JM, Blue B, Clancy E, Valeri CR, Cohen RJ:
Subtle Alternating Electrocardiographic Morphology as an Indicator
of Decreased Cardiac Electrical Stability. Comput Card 1985;109-113
Council on Scientific Affairs: Indications and Contradictions
for Exercise Testing. JAMA, August 28, 1981, 246:9, pp. 1015-1018
El-Sherif N: T wave alternans. A marker of Vulnerability
to Ventricular Tachyarrhythmias. Cardiac Arrhythmias 1995, pp
12-16.
ABSTRACTS
Rosenbaum DS, Fang X, Mackall JA: Electrical Alternans
of Late Potential Amplitude: Signal or Noise. PACE 1994;17:II-779.
Mackall JA, Fang X, Rosenbaum DS: Electrical Alternans
Mediated by Adrenergic Stimulation. PACE 1994;17:II-826.
Estes NA, Zipes DP, El-Sherif N, Venditti FJ, Rosenbaum
DS, Albrecht P, Wang PJ, Krause PC, Cohen RJ: Electrical Alternans
During Rest and Exercise as Predictors of Vulnerability to Ventricular
Arrhythmias. J Am Coll Cardio Feb. 1995; Special Issue:1027-39.
Armoundas AA, Rosenbaum DS, Ruskin JN, Garan H, Cohen
RJ: Electrophysiologic Testing, Electrical Alternans and Signal
Averaged Electrocardiography as Predictors of Arrhythmia-Free
Survival. J Am Coll Cardio Feb. 1995; Special Issue:926-26.
Vijgen JM, Julka B, Rosenbaum DS: Arrhythmogenic T wave alternans is primarily a disturbance of early repolarization. J Am Coll Cardio Feb. 1995; Special Issue:926-25.
Rosenbaum D, Fang Z, Mackall JA: How to Detect ECG
T Wave Alternans in Patients at Risk for Sudden Cardiac Death.
J Am Coll Cardio Feb. 1995; Special Issue:1027-40.
Estes NAM, Zipes DP, El-Sherif N, Albrecht P, Wang
PJ, Marlow M, Dzurak P, Cohen RJ: The Value of T- Wave Alternans
and Signal Averaged Electrocardiogram as Predictors of Arrhythmia
Vulnerability. PACE 1995, Vol. 18, pg. 796.
Leeman DE, Shubrooks SJ, Librett KS, Grimshaw PE,
Cohen RJ: Surface Laplacian ECG Maps Provide a Sensitive and Localizing
Measure of Cardiac Ischemia. J Am Coll Cardio Feb. 1995; Special
Issue:961-80.
Zareba W, Badilini F, Moss AJ: Automatic Detection
of Non-Visible T wave Alternans from Three-Channel Holter Recordings.
J Am Coll Cardio Feb. 1995; Special Issue:1027-41:409A
Momiyama Y, Hartikainen J, Nagayoshi H, Albrecht
P, Kautzner J, McKenna WJ, Camm AJ: Exercise Induced T Wave Alternans
as a Marker of High-risk Patients with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy.
J Am Coll Cardio Feb. 1996; Special Issue:715-4
Kautzner J, Murda'h M, Nagayoshi H, Momiyama Y, Hartikainen
JEK, Albrecht P, Camm AJ, McKenna WJ, St George's Hospital Medical
School, London, United Kingdom and Cambridge Heart, Inc., Bedford,
MA, USA: The Potential Predictive Value of T wave Alternans for
Assessment of Risk of Sudden Cardiac Death in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy.
European Heart Journal 1996;17 (Abstr Suppl):508
*Note: Reprints of published papers in bold type available from Cambridge Heart upon request.